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<\/a>From: The Library of Congress (link Below)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Skip to Main Content<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Library of Congress <\/a>Research Guides<\/a> Search this Guide<\/p>\n\n\n\n Have a question? Need assistance? Use our online form<\/strong><\/a> to ask a librarian for help.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Chat with a librarian<\/a>,<\/strong> Monday through Friday, 12-4pm Eastern Time (except Federal Holidays).<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Federalist<\/em>, commonly referred to as the Federalist Papers, is a series of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison between October 1787 and May 1788. The essays were published anonymously, under the pen name “Publius,” in various New York state newspapers of the time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Federalist Papers were written and published to urge New Yorkers to ratify the proposed United States Constitution, which was drafted in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787. In lobbying for adoption of the Constitution over the existing Articles of Confederation, the essays explain particular provisions of the Constitution in detail. For this reason, and because Hamilton and Madison were each members of the Constitutional Convention, the Federalist Papers are often used today to help interpret the intentions of those drafting the Constitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Federalist Papers were published primarily in two New York state newspapers: The New York Packet<\/em> and The Independent Journal<\/em>. They were reprinted in other newspapers in New York state and in several cities in other states. A bound edition, with revisions and corrections by Hamilton, was published in 1788 by printers J. and A. McLean. An edition published by printer Jacob Gideon in 1818, with revisions and corrections by Madison, was the first to identify each essay by its author’s name. Because of its publishing history, the assignment of authorship, numbering, and exact wording may vary with different editions of The Federalist<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The electronic text of The Federalist<\/em> used here was compiled for Project Gutenberg by scholars who drew on many available versions of the papers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n One printed edition of the text is The Federalist<\/em>, edited by Jacob E. Cooke (Middletown, Conn., Wesleyan University Press, 1961). Cooke’s introduction provides background information on the printing history of The Federalist; the information provided above comes in part from his work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This web-friendly presentation of the original text of the Federalist Papers (also known as The Federalist) was obtained from the e-text archives of Project Gutenberg. Any irregularities with regard to grammar, syntax, spelling, or punctuation are as they exist in the original e-text archives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Federalist Papers: Primary Documents in American History<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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History, Humanities & Social Sciences: Ask a Librarian<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Full Text of The Federalist Papers<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
No.<\/th> Title<\/th> Author<\/th> Publication<\/th> Date<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> 1.<\/td> General Introduction<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 2.<\/td> Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence<\/a><\/td> Jay<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 3.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence<\/a><\/td> Jay<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 4.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence<\/a><\/td> Jay<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 5.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence<\/a><\/td> Jay<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 6.<\/td> Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the States<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 7.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the States<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 8.<\/td> The Consequences of Hostilities Between the States<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, November 20, 1787<\/td><\/tr> 9.<\/td> The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 10.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection<\/a><\/td> Madison<\/td> Frm the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Friday, November 27, 1787<\/td><\/tr> 11.<\/td> The Utility of the Union in Respect to Commercial Relations and a Navy<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> For the Independent Journal <\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 12.<\/td> The Utility of the Union in Respect to Revenue<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, November 27, 1787<\/td><\/tr> 13.<\/td> Advantage of the Union in Respect to Economy in Government<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 14.<\/td> Objections to the Proposed Constitution from Extent of Territory Answered<\/a><\/td> Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Friday, November 30, 1787<\/td><\/tr> 15. <\/td> The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 16.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, December 4, 1787<\/td><\/tr> 17. <\/td> The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 18.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union<\/a><\/td> Hamilton and Madison<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 19.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union<\/a><\/td> Hamilton and Madison<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 20.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union<\/a><\/td> Hamilton and Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, December 11, 1787<\/td><\/tr> 21.<\/td> Other Defects of the Present Confederation<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 22.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: Other Defects of the Present Confederation<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Friday, December 14, 1787<\/td><\/tr> 23.<\/td> The Necessity of a Government as Energetic as the One Proposed to the Preservation of the Union<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, December 17, 1787<\/td><\/tr> 24.<\/td> The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 25.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Friday, December 21, 1787<\/td><\/tr> 26.<\/td> The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 27.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, December 25, 1787<\/td><\/tr> 28. <\/td> The Same Subject Continued: The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 29.<\/td> Concerning the Militia<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the Daily Advertiser<\/em><\/td> Thursday, January 10, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 30.<\/td> Concerning the General Power of Taxation<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Friday, December 28, 1787<\/td><\/tr> 31.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the Power of Taxation<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, January 1, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 32.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the Power of Taxation<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the Daily Advertiser<\/em><\/td> Thursday, January 3, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 33.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the Power of Taxation<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the Daily Advertiser<\/em><\/td> Thursday, January 3, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 34.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the Power of Taxation<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Friday, January 4, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 35.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the Power of Taxation<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 36.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the Power of Taxation<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, January 8, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 37.<\/td> Concerning the Difficulties of the Convention in Devising a Proper Form of Government<\/a><\/td> Madison<\/td> From the Daily Advertiser<\/em><\/td> Friday, January 11, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 38. <\/td> Incoherence of the Objections to the New Plan Exposed<\/a><\/td> Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, January 15, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 39. <\/td> Conformity of the Plan to Republican Principles<\/a><\/td> Madison<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 40.<\/td> The Powers of the Convention to Form a Mixed Government Examined and Sustained<\/a><\/td> Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Friday, January 18, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 41.<\/td> General View of the Powers Conferred by the Constitution<\/a><\/td> Madison<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 42.<\/td> The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further Considered<\/a><\/td> Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, January 22, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 43.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further Considered<\/a><\/td> Madison<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 44.<\/td> Restrictions on the Authority of the Several States<\/a><\/td> Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Friday, January 25, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 45.<\/td> The Alleged Danger From the Powers of the Union to the State Governments Considered<\/a><\/td> Madison<\/td> For the Independent Journal<\/em><\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 46. <\/td> The Influence of the State and Federal Governments Compared<\/a><\/td> Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, January 29, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 47.<\/td> The Particular Structure of the New Government and Distribution of Power Among Its Different Parts<\/a><\/td> Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Friday, February 1, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 48.<\/td> These Departments Should Not Be So Far Separated as to Have No Constitutional Control Over Each Other<\/a><\/td> Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Friday, February 1, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 49.<\/td> Method of Guarding Against the Encroachments of Any One Department of Government by Appealing to the People Through a Convention<\/a><\/td> Hamilton or Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, February 5, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 50.<\/td> Periodic Appeals to the People Considered<\/a><\/td> Hamilton or Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, February 5, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 51.<\/td> The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments<\/a><\/td> Hamilton or Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Friday, February 8, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 52. <\/td> The House of Representatives<\/a><\/td> Hamilton or Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Friday, February 8, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 53.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: The House of Representatives<\/a><\/td> Hamilton or Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, February 12, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 54.<\/td> The Apportionment of Members Among States<\/a><\/td> Hamilton or Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, February 12, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 55. <\/td> The Total Number of the House of Representatives<\/a><\/td> Hamilton or Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Friday, February 15, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 56.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: The Total Number of the House of Representatives<\/a><\/td> Hamilton or Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, February 19, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 57.<\/td> The Alleged Tendency of the Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation <\/a><\/td> Hamilton or Madison<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, February 19, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 58.<\/td> Objection that the Number of Members Will Not Be Augmented as the Progress of Population Demands Considered<\/a><\/td> Madison<\/td> —<\/td> —<\/td><\/tr> 59.<\/td> Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Friday, February 22, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 60.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td> Tuesday, February 26, 1788<\/td><\/tr> 61.<\/td> The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members<\/a><\/td> Hamilton<\/td> From the New York Packet<\/em><\/td>